Last Updated on August 27, 2024 by Dr. Wendy Wilkins, DVM, PhD
As of August 1, 2024, new importation requirements for dogs entering or re-entering the U.S. are now in place to protect against the reintroduction of the dog-mediated rabies virus variant (DMRVV), also known as canine rabies. These regulations, adopted by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), align U.S. importation requirements for dogs with those of other countries that are free of canine rabies. Here’s what dog owners and travelers need to know.
Overview of the New Requirements
The new rules are designed to ensure that all dogs entering the U.S. meet specific health and safety standards. Key requirements include:
- Health and Age: Dogs must be healthy upon arrival and at least 6 months old.
- Microchip: Dogs must have an International Organization for Standardization (ISO)-compatible microchip implanted before the required rabies vaccination.
- Documentation: A CDC Dog Import Form receipt and government-endorsed documentation of the dog’s vaccine and travel history are required.
- Additional Requirements: Dogs from high-risk rabies countries may face further requirements.
What This Means for Dog Owners Traveling Abroad
For dog owners planning international travel, these new requirements mean additional preparation before departure and re-entry into the U.S. Here’s a breakdown of what to expect:
- Pre-Travel Preparation: Ensure your dog meets all health requirements, including being at least 6 months old and having an ISO-compatible microchip. Obtain all necessary documentation, including proof of rabies vaccination and a CDC Dog Import Form receipt.
- Documentation and Compliance: Depending on where your dog has been in the last six months, additional documentation might be needed. The CDC offers resources on its website to help determine specific requirements, including a DogBot tool for easy reference.
- Vaccination Timing: Make sure your dog’s rabies vaccination is up to date. The vaccine must be administered after the microchip is implanted and at least 28 days before travel.
For Travelers Visiting the USA
Visitors to the U.S. who plan to bring their dogs will also need to comply with these new rules. Key points to remember:
- Port of Entry: The port of entry listed on the CDC Dog Import Form receipt must match the actual port of arrival.
- Official Paperwork: Have all required documents endorsed by a government veterinarian.
- Verification Process: Upon arrival, customs officers will verify the dog’s identity through the microchip and ensure all documentation is in order.
Special Considerations and Exemptions
While the new rules are comprehensive, certain scenarios warrant special attention:
- Rabies Vaccination Validity: If your dog was vaccinated before the microchip was implanted, a new rabies vaccine will be required. This is crucial to ensure the vaccination can be verified and matched to the dog.
- Military Personnel: Military personnel moving with pets should contact their chain of command or base veterinarian for specific guidance, as the Department of Defense will provide tailored information.
- Health Safety: An additional rabies vaccine within a short period is generally safe, but consult your veterinarian, especially if your dog has underlying health issues or a history of vaccine reactions.
Rationale Behind the Changes
The CDC’s decision to impose these stringent requirements stems from several considerations:
- Public Health Protection: Ensuring dogs are vaccinated and healthy minimizes the risk of reintroducing canine rabies into the U.S.
- Animal Welfare: The age requirement (at least 6 months old) protects young dogs from the stresses of international travel.
- Uniform Standards: Applying the same rules to all dogs, regardless of origin, prevents attempts to circumvent vaccination requirements by routing through low-risk countries.
Conclusion
The new CDC regulations on dog importation aim to safeguard both public health and animal welfare. Dog owners traveling abroad must ensure their pets meet all health and documentation requirements to avoid complications upon re-entry. Similarly, visitors to the U.S. with dogs must prepare accordingly to comply with these standards. By understanding and adhering to these new rules, we can collectively contribute to maintaining a rabies-free environment in the U.S.
For more detailed information and resources, visit the CDC’s website on the matter and consult your veterinarian to ensure compliance with all requirements.
Detailed responses to frequently asked questions can also be found in the AVMA’s Guidance To Veterinarians.
